lunes, 22 de julio de 2013

Phrasal Verbs


grow up

to develop from a child into an adult.

look after

to take care of someone or something

bring up

to take care of a child until it is fully grown and able to
care for itself; to train and prepare a child for adult life.

do up

to repair; to improve the condition and appearance of
something.
a house / a room / a flat / an old car etc.

look back

to remember and think about the past.

put through

to connect a telephone caller to the number he or she
wants.

speak up

to speak louder.
often used in the imperative

cut off

to disconnect, interrupt or discontinue something or
someone.

hold on

to wait (especially on the telephone).

get through

to contact someone (usually by telephone).

stand for

to represent or mean; to be a sign or short form of
something else.

break down

to stop working (of machinery)

break up

to end; to separate.
(of a marriage / a family / a relationship etc.)

English Language


English Language
English is a West Germanic language originating in England, and the first language for most people in Australia, Canada, the Commonwealth Caribbean, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (also commonly known as the Anglosphere). It is used extensively as a second language and as an official language throughout the world, especially in Commonwealth countries such as India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and South Africa, and in many international organisations.

Modern English is sometimes described as the global lingua franca. English is the dominant international language in communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomacy. The influence of the British Empire is the primary reason for the initial spread of the language far beyond the British Isles. Following World War II, the growing economic and cultural influence of the United States has significantly accelerated the spread of the language. On an average school day approximately one billion people are learning English in one form or another.

A working knowledge of English is required in certain fields, professions, and occupations. As a result over a billion people speak English at least at a basic level. English is one of six official languages of the United Nations.

Questions about the text
1. English is spoken in Canada.
True.
False.
We don't know.
2. Modern English is sometimes described as the global lingua franca.
True.
False.
We don't know.
3. It has become the international language in many areas.
True.
False.
We don't know.
4. Over a billion people speak English at least at a basic level.
True.
False.
We don't know.
5. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations.
True.
False.
We don't know.

BEAUTIFUL, PRETTY OR HANDSOME?

         BEAUTIFUL, PRETTY OR HANDSOME?
Key
Beautiful is used to refer to a woman or a child, who are attractive in a noticeable way.
Pretty is used to refer to a woman or a girl, who have a nice, attractive face.
Handsome is used to refer to a man or a boy, who are good-looking, attractive.
Beautiful se usa para referirse a una mujer o un niño pequeño, que son atractivos de forma evidente.
Pretty se usa para referirse a una mujer o una niña, que tienen una cara bonita, atractiva.
Handsome se usa para referirse a un hombre o un niño, que son bonitos, atractivos.
  • beautiful
    She was more beautiful than I had remembered.
    What a beautiful child!
    Julia Roberts is really beautiful.

  • pretty
    She looks pretty with that new haircut.
    They have a pretty little girl.
    Julia Roberts is really pretty.

  • handsome
    He is tall, blond and handsome.
    They have a handsome young boy.
    George Clooney is really handsome.

Conditionals Type 2


Conditionals Type 2 


Las oraciones condicionales del segundo tipo sirven para expresar situaciones que podrían ocurrir si se cumpliera una determinada condición hipotética.
Por ejemplo:
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.Si tuviera un millón de dólares, compraría una casa grande.
A esta oración se la denomina oración condicional del segundo tipo. Expresa que pasaría si se cumpliera una condición imaginaria, hipotética (que es poco probable que se cumpla). En realidad, no tengo un millón de dólares, solamente estoy imaginando qué haría si los tuviera.
If + condición + consecuencia
If + Past + would
Estas oraciones se forman comenzando con IF y agregando la condición, expresada en tiempopasado. Luego, se agrega lo que ocurriría si se cumple esa condición, expresado con wouldseguido del verbo.  

If I had a calculator, I would do this homework quicker (but I don't have a calculator).Si tuviera una calculadora, haría esta tarea más rápido (pero no tengo una calculadora).

If you lost your keys, you would have a big problem.Si perdieras las llaves, tendrías un gran problema.

If I worked less, I would have more free time.Si trabajara menos, tendría más tiempo libre.
Siempre debe utilizarse el tiempo pasado en la parte de la oración que tiene el if y el verbo modal would en la parte de la oración que contiene la consecuencia. Es incorrecto decir:

If I would work less, I would have more free time.If I worked less, I would have more free time.
El verbo modal would puede usarse también en su forma contracta 'd.
If I worked less, I'd have more free time.
El verbo modal would puede usarse también en su forma contracta 'd.
If I worked less, I'd have more free time.
La condición tambén puede ser negativa.
If you didn't eat so much, you would be slim.Si no comieras tanto, estarías en forma.
La consecuencia tambén puede ser negativa.
If you didn't eat so much, you wouldn't be so fat.Si no comieras tanto, no estarías tan gordo.
También es posible realizar preguntas con las oraciones condicionales.
What would you do if you won the lottery?¿Qué harías si ganaras la lotería?
Veamos la diferencia con las oraciones condicionales del primer tipo:
Type 1: If we take a bus, it will be cheaper.Si tomamos un autobús, será más barato.

Type 2: If we took a bus, it would be cheaper.Si tomáramos un autobús, sería más barato.
En la primera oración se trata de una condición general, se expresa algo que sucederá en el futuro. En cambio, en la segunda oración se trata de una condición irreal, estamos hablando de la posibilidad de tomar un autobús. Es una situación hipotética, que puede suceder o no, pero que solamente estamos imaginando que pasaría.

jueves, 18 de julio de 2013

Video: 10 Great Adventures




Idioms!


  • on and off = not all the time, at irregular intervals. It's been raining on and off all day, I hate this kind of weather.
  • over and out = message used to end a radio communication. Understood. Over and out.
  • sink or swim = be successful or fail. This a very difficult job, you have to be careful. It's really sink or swim.
  • up and about = in good health. After the accident, he recovered very well, he's now up and about.
  • wait and see = wait patiently. We don't know if this government will be able to put his plans into practice. We have to wait and see.
  • by and by = soon, in a while from now. By and by they came to an enchanted place.
  • chapter and verse = with a lot of details. The teacher gave them chapter and verse about where to find the information.
  • cheap and cheerful = simple, not expensive and of reasonable quality. This is really a cheap and cheerful Greek restaurant.
  • cloak-and-dagger = secret and mysterious. It was a cloak-and-dagger operation in which several spies were involved.
  • down-and-out = having no money. He's a down-and-out actor now.

Familia y relaciones sociales



Familia y relaciones sociales

Aquí tienes algunas frases útiles para hablar sobre la familia y relaciones sociales
Aprende cómo hablar sobre hermanos y hermanas, hijos y otros miembros de la familia, 
así como describir tu estado personal.

Do you have any brothers or sisters?¿tienes algún hermano o hermana?
 
yes, I've got ...sí, tengo ...
a brotherun hermano
a sisteruna hermana
an elder brotherun hermano mayor
a younger sisteruna hermana más joven
two brothersdos hermanos
two sistersdos hermanas
one brother and two sistersun hermano y dos hermanas
 
no, I'm an only childno, soy hijo único
have you got any kids?¿tienes hijos?
do you have any children?¿tienes hijos?
 
yes, I've got ...sí, tengo ...
a boy and a girlun chico y una chica
a young babyun bebé
three kidstres niños
 
I don't have any childrenno, no tengo hijos
 
do you have any grandchildren?¿tiene usted nietos?
are your parents still alive?¿están tus padres todavía vivos?
where do your parents live?¿dónde viven tus padres?
 
what do your parents do?¿qué hacen tus padres?
what does your father do?¿a qué se dedica tu padre?
what does your mother do?¿a qué se dedica tu madre?
 
are your grandparents still alive?¿están tus abuelos aún vivos?
where do they live?¿dónde viven?
do you have a boyfriend?¿tienes novio?
do you have a girlfriend?¿tienes novia?
 
are you married?¿estás casado?, ¿estás casada?
are you single?¿estás soltero?, ¿estás soltera?
are you seeing anyone?¿estás saliendo con alguien?
 
I'm ...estoy ...
singlesoltero/a
engagedcomprometido/a
marriedcasado/a
divorceddivorciado/a
separatedseparado/a
a widowviuda
a widowerviudo
 
I'm seeing someoneestoy saliendo con alguien
have you got any pets?¿tienes alguna mascota?
I've got ...sí, tengo ...
a dog and two catsun perro y dos gatos
a Labradorun perro Labrador

what's his name?¿cómo se llama?
he's called ...se llama ...
what's her name?¿cómo se llama?
she's called ...se llama ...
what are their names?¿cómo se llaman?
they're called ...se llaman ...
how old is he?¿cuántos años tiene?
he's ...tiene ...twelve doce años
how old is she?¿cuántos años tiene?
she's ...tiene ...fifteen quince años
how old are they?¿cuántos años tienen?
they're ...tienen ...six and eight seis y ocho años